Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens

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Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens
Araújo, Lélia Lima; Lourenço, Talita Gomes Baêta; Colombo, Ana Paula Vieira, 2022, "Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens", https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.ZYQXJH, SciELO Data, V1, UNF:6:QcPYieOFHZOLfvyxa/+fiw== [fileUNF]
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Description
Background: Complex interactions among distinct oral taxa within a dysbiotic periodontal microenvironment are not fully understood. Hypothesis/ gap statement: Based on a holistic concept of polymicrobial etiology, we hypothesized that putative and novel periodontal pathogens are more frequently detected in consortia than as single species in advanced forms of periodontal diseases (PD). Aim: To correlate specific consortia of putative and novel periodontal pathogens with clinical periodontal status. Methodology. Subgingival biofilm was obtained from individuals with periodontal health (113, PH), gingivitis (91, G) and periodontitis (209, P). Genomic DNA was purified and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), including Aa strain JP2, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), and Filifactor alocis (Fa) were detected by PCR. Configural frequency and logistic regression analyses were performed to correlate microbial consortia with PD. Results. Aa + Pg in the presence of Dp (phi = 0.240; χ2 = 11.9), p < 0.01), as well as Aa JP2 clone + Dp + Fa (phi = 0.186, χ2 = 4.6; p < 0.05) were predominant in advanced stages of P. The consortium Aa + Fa + Dp was strongly related to deep pocketing and inflammation (p<0.001). The best predictors of disease severity (80% accuracy) included older age (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07 – 1.15], p<0.001), Black/African-American ancestry (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.19 – 2.99], p = 0.007, and high frequency of Aa + Pg + Dp (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.49 – 6.22], p = 0.002). Conclusion. Specific microbial consortia of putative and novel periodontal pathogens, associated with demographic parameters correlate with severe periodontitis, supporting the multifactorial nature of the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. (2022-11-21)
Subject Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Keyword Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Dental plaque, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, PCR
Related Publication Araújo LL, Lourenço TG, Colombo AP. Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens. J Appl Oral Sci. 2023;31:e20220359. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0359 doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0359
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AUTHOR_DATASET_ReadmeTemplate.txt
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Banco de dados JAOS-2022-0359.tab
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Published Nov 29, 2022
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52 Variables, 413 Observations UNF:6:alyS/TAAVrB0eUzREnqNHQ==
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Figure 1. Clinical data of the study population (n=413). Box plots represent the distribution in quartiles of mean % of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5-6 mm; PPD >6 mm; clinical attachment level (CAL) of 4-5 mm; CAL >5 mm; visible supragingival plaque (PL), marginal gingival bleeding (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and calculus (CA). Whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values; circles indicate outliers. All parameters differed significantly among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). *Refers to significant differences between periodontal health and gingivitis; #between gingivitis and periodontitis and $between periodontal health and periodontitis groups (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05).
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Figure 2. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm. (A) Bars represent the relative frequency (%) of putative and potential novel periodontal pathogens across the periodontal clinical groups. (B) Columns represent the % of pathogens in subgingival biofilm of 209 individuals with periodontitis according to stages of disease severity. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa); Aa JP2: highly leukotoxic strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans. *Significant differences between disease and health; χ2 test; p<0.05.
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Figure 3. Periodontal consortia associated with periodontal diseases. Columns represent observed (dark) and expected (dashed) counts of different bacteria combined and as single species in subgingival biofilm samples. (A) Consortia exclusively predominant in patients with periodontitis (n=209). (B) F. alocis (Fa) + P. gingivalis (Pg) were frequently detected in both gingivitis (n=91) and periodontitis samples. The combination of D. pneumosintes (Dp) + F. alocis (Fa) was rarely detected in gingivitis, but frequently observed in periodontitis. *Significant differences between observed and expected counts (χ2 test; p<0.05).
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Figure 3. Periodontal consortia associated with periodontal diseases. (C) The frequency (%) of periodontal bacteria in combinations was computed for 413 individuals presenting probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) > and ≤ the median values (PPD=2.27 mm; % sites BOP=20.7). The consortia Aa + Fa + Dp was the only one significantly more prevalent in patients with high number of deep pockets (χ2=37, phi=0.501, p<0.001) and bleeding sites (χ2=31, phi=0.458, p<0.001) compared to healthier individuals.
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Tables_1.tab
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4 Variables, 22 Observations UNF:6:Sy5ecUV0oBsYuMxLgdsBBA==
Table 1. Socio-demographic data of the study population. Symbols refer to significant differences among groups (*Kruskal-Wallis and †χ2 tests, p<0.05).
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Tables_2.tab
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8 Variables, 8 Observations UNF:6:Os3hGvLJtWItD/P03X7nuQ==
Table 2. Stepwise regression analysis (backward Wald method) using sociodemographic parameters and microbial consortia as predictors of disease severity (mild disease = stages I and II; advanced disease = stages III and IV of periodontitis). Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients: −2 Log likelihood = 166.93; Cox & Snell R2 = 0.288; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.404. Overall χ2 test for the model 62.41, 3 df, p<0.001. Variable(s) entered: age, skin color/ethnicity, schooling level, smoking, income, gender, Aa + P. gingivalis + F. alocis; Aa + D. pneumosintes + P. gingivalis; Aa + F. alocis + D. pneumosintes; P. gingivalis + F. alocis + D. pneumosintes; P. gingivalis + F. alocis + AaJP2; F. alocis + D. pneumosintes + AaJP2; P. gingivalis + D. pneumosintes + AaJP2.
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